Sophora japonica, wanda aka fi sani da bishiyar pagoda, tana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan bishiyoyi na ƙasar Sin. Bayanan tarihi daga Shan Hai Jing na gargajiya na zamanin Qin (Tsarin Duwatsu da Tekuna) sun nuna yawanta, suna lura da jimloli kamar "Dutsen Shou yana cike da bishiyoyin sophora" da "dazuzzukan Dutsen Li suna da wadataccen sophora." Waɗannan labaran sun nuna yadda itacen ya yaɗu a faɗin ƙasar Sin tun zamanin da.
A matsayin wata alama ta tsirrai da ta samo asali daga al'ada, sophora ta noma wani kyakkyawan gado na al'adu. An girmama ta saboda kyawun bayyanarta da kuma alaƙarta da wadata a cikin gwamnati, ta zaburar da tsararraki masu ilimi. A cikin al'adun gargajiya, ana kyautata zaton itacen yana korar mugayen ruhohi, yayin da ganyenta, furanni, da kuma 'ya'yan itacen suka daɗe suna amfani da su a maganin gargajiya.
A shekarar 2002, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta China ta amince da furannin sophora (huaihua) da buds (huaimi) a matsayin abubuwa masu amfani biyu don amfani da magani da na girki (Takarda mai lamba [2002]51), wanda hakan ya sanya su cikin rukunin farko na kayan abinci na yao shi tong yuan (homology na abinci da maganin gargajiya).
Bayanin Tsirrai
Sunan kimiyya: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Itacen da ke da ganyen ganye a cikin dangin Fabaceae, Sophora yana da bawon launin toka mai duhu, ganye mai yawa, da ganyayyaki masu kama da juna. Furanninsa masu ɗan ƙamshi, masu launin rawaya-mai tsami suna fure a lokacin rani, sai kuma ƙananan furanni masu kama da lu'ulu'u waɗanda ke rataye daga rassan.
Kasar Sin tana dauke da nau'ikan iri biyu na asali: na asali na Styphnolobium japonicum (sophora na kasar Sin) da kuma Robinia pseudoacacia (baƙar fata ko "sophora na ƙasashen waje"), wanda aka shigo da shi a ƙarni na 19. Duk da cewa suna kama da juna a gani, suna da bambanci a aikace - galibi ana cin furannin baƙar fata a matsayin abinci, yayin da furannin asalin halittar ke da ƙimar magani mafi girma saboda yawan sinadarin bioactive.
Bambanci: Furanni vs. Furanni
Kalmomin huaihua da huaimi suna nufin matakai daban-daban na ci gaba:
- Huaihua: Furanni masu fure cikakke
- Huaimi: Furen da ba a buɗe ba
Duk da bambancin lokutan girbi, duka biyun ana haɗa su a ƙarƙashin "furanni na sophora" a aikace.
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Aikace-aikacen Magunguna na Tarihi
Maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin ya rarraba furannin sophora a matsayin masu sanyaya hanta. Littafin Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) ya lura cewa: "Furayen Sophora suna aiki akan sassan jinin Yangming da Jueyin meridians, don haka suna magance matsalolin da suka shafi hakan."
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Fahimtar Kimiyya ta Zamani
Binciken zamani ya gano abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin furanni da kuma furanni, ciki har da triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), fatty acids, tannins, alkaloids, da polysaccharides. Babban sakamakon:
1. Gidan Wutar Lantarki na Antioxidant
- Flavonoids kamar rutin da quercetin suna da ƙarfi wajen kawar da tsattsauran ra'ayi.
- Furanni suna ɗauke da sinadarin phenolic da flavonoids da suka fi yawa da kashi 20-30% fiye da furannin da aka buɗe.
- Quercetin yana nuna tasirin antioxidant wanda ya dogara da kashi ta hanyar daidaita glutathione da kuma rage ROS.
2. Tallafin Zuciya da Jijiyoyin Jiki
- Yana hana tarin platelets (rage haɗarin bugun jini) ta hanyar quercetin da rutin.
- Yana kare erythrocytes daga lalacewar oxidative, yana kiyaye lafiyar jijiyoyin jini.
3. Ka'idojin hana shan giya
- Yana rage samuwar kayayyakin ƙarshe na glycation (AGEs) da kashi 76.85% a cikin samfuran zebrafish.
- Yana magance tsufan fata da matsalolin ciwon suga ta hanyar hana shi shiga hanyoyi daban-daban.
4. Tasirin Kare Jijiyoyi
- Yana rage kumburin kwakwalwa a cikin samfuran bugun beraye da kashi 40-50%.
- Yana hana kunna ƙwayoyin cuta na microglial da kuma cytokines masu hana kumburi (misali, IL-1β), yana rage mutuwar jijiyoyi.
Tsarin Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
Ana hasashen cewa kasuwar haƙar sophora ta duniya, wacce darajarta ta kai dala miliyan 202 a shekarar 2025, za ta kai dala miliyan 379 nan da shekarar 2033 (8.2% CAGR).
- Magunguna: Magungunan hemostatic, magungunan hana kumburi
- Nutraceuticals: Kari na antioxidant, masu daidaita sukari a jini
- Cosmeceuticals: Serums masu hana tsufa, man shafawa masu haske
- Masana'antar Abinci: Sinadaran aiki, shayin ganye
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Hoton Hoto: Pixabay
Nassoshi na Kimiyya:
- Mujallar Ethnopharmacology (2023) kan hanyoyin hana tsufa
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) yana bayanin hanyoyin kariya daga jijiyoyi
- Binciken Masana'antu na Binciken Kasuwar Fahimta (2024)
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Bayanan Ingantawa:
- Kalmomin fasaha da aka kiyaye don daidaito yayin sake fasalta tsarin jumla
- An yi amfani da kalmomin tarihi don guje wa maimaitawa a kai a kai
- An sake fasalta bayanan da aka yi amfani da su wajen ambaton bincike na zamani
- An gabatar da kididdigar kasuwa ta hanyar nau'ikan tsarin rubutu daban-daban
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-18-2025