Sophora japonica, wanda aka fi sani da itacen pagoda, ya tsaya a matsayin daya daga cikin tsoffin bishiyoyin kasar Sin. Rubuce-rubucen tarihi daga al'adun gargajiya na Qin kafin Qin Shan Hai Jing (Classs of Mountains and Seas) sun rubuta yadda ya yawaita, lura da kalmomi irin su "Mount Shou yana cike da bishiyoyin sophora" da "Dazukan Dutsen Li suna da wadata a sophora." Wadannan bayanan sun nuna yadda itacen ke yaduwa a fadin kasar Sin tun a zamanin da.
A matsayin alama ta botanical da ke da tushe a cikin al'ada, sophora ta haɓaka gadon al'adu masu arha. An girmama shi don kyawun bayyanarsa da haɗin gwiwa tare da kyakkyawan aiki a hukumance, ya ƙarfafa tsararrun masu karatu. A al'adar jama'a, an yi imanin itacen yana kawar da aljanu, yayin da aka dade ana amfani da ganyensa, furanni, da kwas ɗinsa wajen maganin gargajiya.
A shekara ta 2002, ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya ta kasar Sin ta amince da furannin sophora (Huaihua) da buds (huaimi) a matsayin abubuwa biyu masu amfani da su na magani da na dafuwa (Takardu mai lamba [2002]51), wanda ke nuna cewa sun shiga cikin rukunin farko na yao Shi Tong Yuan (maganin kayan abinci).
Bayanan Botanical
Sunan kimiyya: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Itace mai tsiro a cikin dangin Fabaceae, sophora tana da bawon launin toka mai duhu, ganye mai yawa, da ganyen fili. Furancinsa mai ɗan ƙamshi mai ƙamshi, mai shuɗi-rawaya suna fure a lokacin rani, sannan kuma nama mai kamshi mai kama da ƙwanƙwasa waɗanda ke ratsawa daga rassan.
Kasar Sin tana da nau'ikan farko guda biyu: na asalin Styphnolobium japonicum (sophora na kasar Sin) da kuma Robinia pseudoacacia (baƙar fari ko "sophora na waje") wanda aka shigo dashi a cikin karni na 19. Ko da yake a kamanceceniya da gani, sun bambanta a aikace- furannin fari baƙar fata galibi ana cinye su azaman abinci, yayin da furannin nau'in 'ya'yan asalin suna da ƙimar magani mafi girma saboda yawan abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Bambance-bambance: Flowers vs. Buds
Sharuɗɗan huaihua da huaimi suna nufin matakai na haɓaka daban-daban:
- Huaihua: Furanni masu fure
- Huaimi: Furen da ba a buɗe ba
Duk da lokutan girbi daban-daban, duka biyun ana tattara su a ƙarƙashin "furanni na sophora" a cikin amfani mai amfani.
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Aikace-aikace na Magani na Tarihi
Maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin ya rarraba furannin sophora a matsayin masu sanyaya hanta. The Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) ya lura cewa: “Fulani Sophora suna aiki ne akan sassan jini na Yangming da Jueyin meridians, don haka suna magance matsalolin da ke da alaƙa.”
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Ilimin Kimiyya na Zamani
Bincike na yau da kullun yana gano abubuwan haɗin gwiwar bioactive a cikin furanni da buds, gami da triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), fatty acid, tannins, alkaloids, da polysaccharides. Mahimmin binciken:
1.Antioxidant Powerhouse
- Flavonoids kamar rutin da quercetin suna nuna ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na ɓarna.
- Buds sun ƙunshi 20-30% mafi girma duka phenolics da flavonoids fiye da buɗe furanni.
- Quercetin yana nuna tasirin maganin antioxidant mai dogaro da kashi ta hanyar ka'idojin glutathione da neutralization ROS.
2. Tallafin zuciya
- Yana hana haɗuwar platelet (rage haɗarin bugun jini) ta hanyar quercetin da rutin.
- Yana kare erythrocytes daga lalacewar oxidative, kiyaye lafiyar jijiyoyin jini.
3. Anti-Glycation Properties
- Yana hana haɓakar samfuran ƙarshen glycation (AGEs) da kashi 76.85% a cikin ƙirar zebrafish.
- Yana yaƙi da tsufa na fata da matsalolin ciwon sukari ta hanyar hana hanyoyi da yawa.
4. Tasirin Neuroprotective
- Rage wuraren raunin kwakwalwa a cikin nau'ikan bugun jini na rodent da kashi 40-50%.
- Yana hana kunna microglial da cytokines pro-mai kumburi (misali, IL-1β), rage mutuwar neuronal.
Kasuwa Dynamics da Aikace-aikace
Kasuwancin fitar da sophora na duniya, wanda aka kiyasta a $202 miliyan a cikin 2025, ana hasashen zai kai dala miliyan 379 nan da 2033 (8.2% CAGR). Fadada tsawon aikace-aikace:
- Pharmaceuticals: Hemostatic jamiái, anti-mai kumburi formulations
- Nutraceuticals: Kariyar Antioxidant, masu daidaita sukarin jini
- Cosmeceuticals: Maganin rigakafin tsufa, creams masu haske
- Masana'antar Abinci: Abubuwan da ke aiki, shayi na ganye
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Kirjin Hoto: Pixabay
Bayanan Kimiyya:
- Jaridar Ethnopharmacology (2023) akan hanyoyin antioxidant
- Frontiers a cikin Pharmacology (2022) dalla-dalla hanyoyin neuroprotective
- Binciken Kasuwancin Fahimi (2024) nazarin masana'antu
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Bayanan ingantawa:
- Sharuɗɗan fasaha ana kiyaye su don daidaito yayin sake fasalin tsarin jumla
- An fayyace maganganun tarihi don gujewa maimaita maimaitawa
- Abubuwan da aka sake daidaita su tare da ambaton bincike na zamani
- Ƙididdiga na kasuwa da aka gabatar ta hanyar ƙididdiga daban-daban
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-18-2025