Yayin da mutane ke tsufa, raguwar aikin kwakwalwa yana ƙara bayyana. A tsakanin mutanen da ke tsakanin shekaru 20-49, yawancinsu suna fara lura da raguwar aikin fahimta lokacin da suka fuskanci asarar ƙwaƙwalwa ko mantuwa. Ga waɗanda ke tsakanin shekaru 50-59, fahimtar raguwar fahimta sau da yawa yakan zo ne lokacin da suka fara fuskantar raguwar ƙwaƙwalwa.
A lokacin da ake binciko hanyoyin inganta aikin kwakwalwa, ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na shekaru suna mai da hankali kan fannoni daban-daban. Mutanen da ke tsakanin shekaru 20-29 suna mai da hankali kan inganta barci don haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa (44.7%), yayin da mutanen da ke tsakanin shekaru 30-39 suna da sha'awar rage gajiya (47.5%). Ga waɗanda ke tsakanin shekaru 40-59, ana ɗaukar inganta hankali a matsayin mabuɗin haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa (shekaru 40-49: 44%, shekaru 50-59: 43.4%).
Sinadaran da Suka Shahara a Kasuwar Lafiyar Kwakwalwa ta Japan
Dangane da yanayin duniya na bin salon rayuwa mai kyau, kasuwar abinci mai amfani ta Japan ta fi mai da hankali kan hanyoyin magance matsalolin lafiya na musamman, inda lafiyar kwakwalwa ta kasance muhimmin abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai. Zuwa ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2024, Japan ta yi rijistar abinci mai aiki 1,012 (bisa ga bayanan hukuma), wanda 79 daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da lafiyar kwakwalwa. Daga cikin waɗannan, GABA ita ce sinadari da aka fi amfani da shi, sannan kuma aka biyo baya.lutein/zeaxanthin, cirewar ganyen ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, da kuma ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) wani amino acid ne wanda ba shi da furotin wanda Steward da abokan aikinsa suka fara ganowa a cikin ƙwayar dankalin turawa a cikin 1949. A cikin 1950, Roberts et al. sun gano GABA a cikin kwakwalwar dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda aka samar ta hanyar α-decarboxylation na glutamate ko gishirinsa, wanda glutamate decarboxylase ya haɓaka.
GABA wata muhimmiyar na'urar jijiyoyi ce da ake samu a cikin tsarin jijiyoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Babban aikinsa shine rage yawan motsin jijiyoyi ta hanyar hana watsa siginar jijiyoyi. A cikin kwakwalwa, daidaito tsakanin watsawar jijiyoyi masu hanawa wanda GABA ke jagoranta da kuma watsawar jijiyoyi masu motsawa wanda glutamate ke jagoranta yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton membrane na tantanin halitta da aikin jijiyoyi na yau da kullun.
Bincike ya nuna cewa GABA na iya hana canje-canje a cikin jijiyoyi da kuma inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ayyukan fahimi. Nazarin dabbobi ya nuna cewa GABA na inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na dogon lokaci a cikin beraye tare da raguwar fahimi kuma yana haɓaka yaduwar ƙwayoyin PC-12 na neuroendocrine. A cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti, an nuna cewa GABA yana ƙara matakan neurotrophic factor (BDNF) na jini a cikin kwakwalwa da rage haɗarin cutar hauka da cutar Alzheimer a cikin mata masu matsakaicin shekaru.
Bugu da ƙari, GABA yana da tasiri mai kyau akan yanayi, damuwa, gajiya, da barci. Bincike ya nuna cewa cakuda GABA da L-theanine na iya rage jinkirin bacci, ƙara tsawon lokacin barci, da kuma ƙara yawan bayyanar GABA da glutamate receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinwani sinadari ne mai iskar oxygen wanda ya ƙunshi ragowar isoprene guda takwas, wani sinadari ne mara cikakken sinadarin polyene wanda ke ɗauke da haɗin kai guda tara, wanda ke sha da kuma fitar da haske a takamaiman tsawon rai, wanda ke ba shi halaye na musamman na launi.Zeaxanthinisomer ne na lutein, wanda ya bambanta a matsayin haɗin biyu a cikin zobe.
Lutein da zeaxanthinsune manyan launuka a cikin retina. Lutein galibi ana samunsa ne a cikin retina na gefe, yayin da zeaxanthin yana taruwa a cikin macula na tsakiya. Tasirin kariya nalutein da zeaxanthinga idanu sun haɗa da inganta gani, hana lalacewar macular da ke da alaƙa da shekaru (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, da kuma hana retinopathy a cikin jarirai da ba su kai lokacin haihuwa ba.
A shekarar 2017, masu bincike daga Jami'ar Georgia sun gano cewalutein da zeaxanthinYana da tasiri mai kyau ga lafiyar kwakwalwa ga tsofaffi. Binciken ya nuna cewa mahalarta da ke da matakan da suka fi girmalutein da zeaxanthinnuna ƙarancin aikin kwakwalwa yayin yin ayyukan tunawa da kalmomi, wanda ke nuna ingantaccen aikin jijiyoyi.
Bugu da ƙari, wani bincike ya ruwaito cewa Lutemax 2020, wani ƙarin lutein daga Omeo, ya ƙara yawan BDNF (abin da ke haifar da neurotrophic factor a kwakwalwa), wani muhimmin furotin da ke da hannu a cikin plasticity na jijiyoyi, kuma yana da mahimmanci ga girma da bambance-bambancen jijiyoyi, kuma yana da alaƙa da haɓaka koyo, ƙwaƙwalwa, da aikin fahimi.
(Dabaru na tsarin lutein da zeaxanthin)
3. Cirewar Ganyen Ginkgo (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, nau'in da ya tsira a cikin dangin ginkgo, galibi ana kiransa "burbushin halittu masu rai." Ganyensa da tsabansa ana amfani da su sosai a binciken magunguna kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin magungunan halitta da aka fi amfani da su a duk duniya. Abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin ruwan ganyen ginkgo galibi sune flavonoids da terpenoids, waɗanda ke da halaye kamar taimakawa rage kitse, tasirin antioxidant, inganta ƙwaƙwalwa, rage wahalar ido, da kuma bayar da kariya daga lalacewar hanta mai sinadarai.
Littafin da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta fitar kan tsire-tsire masu magani ya bayyana cewa an daidaita shiginkgoYa kamata ruwan ganyen ya ƙunshi kashi 22-27% na flavonoid glycosides da kashi 5-7% na terpenoids, tare da sinadarin ginkgolic acid ƙasa da 5 mg/kg. A Japan, Ƙungiyar Abinci da Gina Jiki ta kafa ƙa'idodi masu inganci don ruwan ganyen ginkgo, wanda ke buƙatar sinadarin flavonoid glycoside aƙalla kashi 24% da kuma sinadarin terpenoid aƙalla kashi 6%, tare da sinadarin ginkgolic acid da ke ƙasa da 5 ppm. Shawarar shan yau da kullun ga manya shine tsakanin 60 zuwa 240 mg.
Bincike ya nuna cewa shan ruwan ganyen ginkgo na dogon lokaci, idan aka kwatanta da placebo, na iya inganta wasu ayyukan fahimta sosai, gami da daidaiton ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwarewar yanke hukunci. Bugu da ƙari, an ruwaito cewa ruwan ginkgo yana inganta kwararar jinin kwakwalwa da aiki.
4. DHA
DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) wani sinadari ne mai yawan kitse mai yawan omega-3 (PUFA). Yana da yawa a cikin abincin teku da kayayyakinsa, musamman kifin mai, wanda ke samar da gram 0.68-1.3 na DHA a kowace gram 100. Abincin dabbobi kamar ƙwai da nama yana ɗauke da ƙananan adadin DHA. Bugu da ƙari, madarar nonon ɗan adam da sauran madarar dabbobi masu shayarwa suma suna ɗauke da DHA. Bincike kan mata sama da 2,400 a cikin bincike 65 ya gano cewa matsakaicin yawan DHA a cikin madarar nono shine 0.32% na jimlar nauyin kitse mai, daga 0.06% zuwa 1.4%, tare da mazauna bakin teku suna da mafi girman yawan DHA a cikin madarar nono.
DHA tana da alaƙa da ci gaban kwakwalwa, aiki, da cututtuka. Bincike mai zurfi ya nuna cewaDHAzai iya haɓaka aikin jijiyoyi, haɓakar jijiyoyi, ƙarfin synaptic, da kuma sakin neurotransmitter. Wani bincike na gwaji guda 15 da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya nuna cewa matsakaicin shan DHA kowace rana na 580 MG yana inganta ƙwaƙwalwar episodic a cikin manya masu lafiya (shekaru 18-90) da waɗanda ke da ɗan raunin fahimta.
Tsarin aikin DHA sun haɗa da: 1) dawo da rabon n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) hana kumburin jijiyoyi da ke da alaƙa da shekaru wanda ƙwayoyin microglial na M1 ke haifarwa; 3) danne yanayin halittar astrocyte na A1 ta hanyar rage alamun A1 kamar C3 da S100B; 4) hana hanyar siginar proBDNF/p75 yadda ya kamata ba tare da canza siginar kinase B da ke da alaƙa da kwakwalwa ba; da kuma 5) haɓaka rayuwar jijiyoyi ta hanyar ƙara matakan phosphatidylserine, wanda ke sauƙaƙe canja wurin membrane na furotin kinase B (Akt) da kunnawa.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
An nuna cewa hanji, wanda aka fi sani da "kwakwalwa ta biyu," yana da mu'amala mai mahimmanci da kwakwalwa. Hanji, a matsayin wani ɓangare mai motsi mai cin gashin kansa, zai iya aiki da kansa ba tare da umarnin kwakwalwa kai tsaye ba. Duk da haka, haɗin da ke tsakanin hanji da kwakwalwa yana ci gaba ta hanyar tsarin juyayi mai cin gashin kansa, siginar hormones, da cytokines, wanda ke samar da abin da aka sani da "axis na gut-brain."
Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji suna taka rawa wajen tara furotin β-amyloid, wani muhimmin alama a cikin cututtukan Alzheimer. Idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke da lafiya, marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer sun rage bambancin ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji, tare da raguwar yawan Bifidobacterium.
A cikin nazarin sa hannun ɗan adam kan mutanen da ke da ƙarancin nakasa ta hankali (MCI), shan Bifidobacterium MCC1274 ya inganta aikin fahimi sosai a cikin Gwajin Tunawa da Halayyar Rivermead (RBANS). An kuma inganta maki a fannoni kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya nan take, ikon gani-wuri, sarrafawa mai rikitarwa, da jinkirin ƙwaƙwalwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-07-2025