Yayin da mutane ke tsufa, raguwar aikin kwakwalwa yana ƙara fitowa fili. Daga cikin mutane masu shekaru 20-49, yawancin suna fara lura da raguwar aikin fahimi lokacin da suka sami asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko mantuwa. Ga wadanda ke da shekaru 50-59, fahimtar raguwar fahimi sau da yawa yakan zo lokacin da suka fara samun raguwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Lokacin bincika hanyoyin haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa, ƙungiyoyin shekaru daban-daban suna mai da hankali kan fannoni daban-daban. Mutanen da ke da shekaru 20-29 sun fi mayar da hankali kan inganta barci don haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa (44.7%), yayin da mutane masu shekaru 30-39 sun fi sha'awar rage gajiya (47.5%). Ga waɗanda ke da shekaru 40-59, haɓaka hankali ana ɗaukar mahimmanci don haɓaka aikin ƙwaƙwalwa (shekaru 40-49: 44%, 50-59 shekaru: 43.4%).
Shahararrun Sinadaran a Kasuwar Lafiyar Kwakwalwa ta Japan
Dangane da yanayin duniya na neman ingantacciyar rayuwa, kasuwar abinci ta Japan musamman tana jaddada mafita ga takamaiman batutuwan kiwon lafiya, tare da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta zama muhimmiyar mahimmin batu. Ya zuwa Disamba 11, 2024, Japan ta yi rajistar abinci na aiki 1,012 (bisa ga bayanan hukuma), wanda 79 na da alaƙa da lafiyar kwakwalwa. Daga cikin waɗannan, GABA shine abin da aka fi amfani dashi akai-akai, wanda ya biyo bayalutein/zeaxanthinCire ganyen ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, da kuma ergothionine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) amino acid ba-proteinogenic ne na farko da Steward da abokan aiki suka gano a cikin ƙwayar dankalin turawa a cikin 1949. A cikin 1950, Roberts et al. gano GABA a cikin kwakwalwar dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda aka samo ta ta hanyar α-decarboxylation na glutamate ko gishiri, wanda glutamate decarboxylase ke haɓakawa.
GABA ne mai mahimmancin neurotransmitter wanda aka samo sosai a cikin tsarin juyayi na mammalian. Babban aikinsa shine don rage tashin hankali na neuronal ta hanyar hana watsa siginar jijiya. A cikin kwakwalwa, ma'auni tsakanin inhibitory neurotransmission ta hanyar GABA da neurotransmission mai ban sha'awa wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar glutamate yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na cell membrane da aikin jijiyoyi na yau da kullum.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa GABA na iya hana sauye-sauye na neurodegenerative da inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ayyuka masu hankali. Nazarin dabba sun nuna cewa GABA yana inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo a cikin mice tare da raguwar hankali kuma yana inganta yaduwar kwayoyin neuroendocrine PC-12. A cikin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti, an nuna GABA don ƙara yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (BDNF) (BDNF) da kuma rage haɗarin ciwon hauka da cutar Alzheimer a cikin mata masu tsaka-tsaki.
Bugu da ƙari, GABA yana da tasiri mai kyau akan yanayi, damuwa, gajiya, da barci. Bincike ya nuna cewa cakuda GABA da L-theanine na iya rage jinkirin barci, ƙara tsawon lokacin barci, da daidaita ma'anar GABA da glutamate GluN1 subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinwani carotenoid ne mai iskar oxygen wanda ya ƙunshi ragowar isoprene guda takwas, polyene mara kyau wanda ke ɗauke da shaidu biyu guda tara, wanda ke ɗaukar haske kuma yana fitar da haske a ƙayyadaddun raƙuman ruwa, yana ba shi kaddarorin launi na musamman.Zaaxanthinisomer ne na lutein, wanda ya bambanta a matsayin haɗin biyu a cikin zobe.
Lutein da zeaxanthinsu ne na farko pigments a cikin retina. An fi samun Lutein a cikin retina na gefe, yayin da zeaxanthin ya tattara a cikin macula ta tsakiya. Abubuwan kariya na lutein da zeaxanthin ga idanu sun haɗa da haɓaka hangen nesa, hana haɓakar macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, da hana ƙwayar cuta a cikin jarirai da ba su kai ba.
A cikin 2017, masu bincike daga Jami'ar Georgia sun gano cewa lutein da zeaxanthin suna tasiri lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin tsofaffi. Nazarin ya nuna cewa mahalarta tare da manyan matakan lutein da zeaxanthin sun nuna ƙananan aikin kwakwalwa lokacin da suke yin ayyukan tunawa da kalmomi guda biyu, suna ba da shawara mafi girma na jijiyoyi.
Bugu da ƙari, wani bincike ya ba da rahoton cewa Lutemax 2020, ƙarin ƙarin lutein daga Omeo, ya haɓaka matakin BDNF (factor neurotrophic da aka samu na kwakwalwa), wani muhimmin furotin da ke cikin filastik jijiyoyi, kuma yana da mahimmanci ga haɓaka da bambance-bambancen neurons, da alaƙa da su. ingantaccen ilmantarwa, ƙwaƙwalwa, da aikin fahimi.
(Tsarin tsarin lutein da zeaxanthin)
3. Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, kawai nau'in tsira a cikin dangin ginkgo, ana kiransa "kasusuwa mai rai." Ganyensa da tsaba ana amfani da su wajen binciken harhada magunguna kuma suna daya daga cikin magungunan halitta da aka fi amfani da su a duniya. Abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin cirewar ganyen ginkgo sune galibi flavonoids da terpenoids, waɗanda ke da kaddarorin kamar taimakawa rage yawan lipid, tasirin antioxidant, haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, rage ƙwayar ido, da ba da kariya daga lalacewar hanta sinadarai.
Rubuce-rubucen da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi kan tsire-tsire masu magani ya ƙayyadad da daidaitoginkgoCire ganye ya kamata ya ƙunshi 22-27% flavonoid glycosides da 5-7% terpenoids, tare da abun ciki na ginkgolic acid ƙasa da 5 mg/kg. A Japan, Healthungiyar Abinci ta Lafiya da Abinci ta kafa ƙa'idodi masu inganci don cire ganyen ginkgo, suna buƙatar abun ciki na flavonoid glycoside na aƙalla 24% da abun ciki na terpenoid na aƙalla 6%, tare da acid ginkgolic kiyaye a ƙarƙashin 5 ppm. Shawarar abincin yau da kullun ga manya shine tsakanin 60 zuwa 240 MG.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa amfani da dogon lokaci na daidaitaccen tsantsa leaf ginkgo, idan aka kwatanta da placebo, na iya haɓaka wasu ayyukan fahimi sosai, gami da daidaiton ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ikon yanke hukunci. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton cirewar ginkgo don inganta jini na kwakwalwa da aiki.
4. DHA
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) shine omega-3 mai dogon sarkar polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Yana da yawa a cikin abincin teku da kayayyakinsu, musamman kifi mai kitse, wanda ke ba da gram 0.68-1.3 na DHA a kowace gram 100. Abincin dabba kamar qwai da nama sun ƙunshi ƙananan adadin DHA. Bugu da ƙari, nonon ɗan adam da sauran madarar dabbobi ma sun ƙunshi DHA. Bincike kan mata sama da 2,400 a cikin binciken 65 sun gano cewa matsakaicin yawan DHA a cikin madarar nono shine 0.32% na jimlar nauyin kitse mai kitse, kama daga 0.06% zuwa 1.4%, tare da yawan mutanen bakin teku suna da mafi girman DHA a cikin nono.
DHA yana da alaƙa da haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwa, aiki, da cututtuka. Bincike mai zurfi ya nuna cewa DHA na iya haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, haɓakar neuronal, filastik synaptic, da sakin neurotransmitter. Wani bincike-bincike na gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar 15 ya nuna cewa matsakaita na yau da kullun na 580 MG na DHA yana haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin manya masu lafiya (shekaru 18-90) da waɗanda ke da ƙarancin fahimi.
Hanyoyin aikin DHA sun haɗa da: 1) maido da rabon n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) hana haɓakar neuroinflammation da ke da alaƙa da shekaru wanda ya haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin microglial na M1; 3) kashe A1 astrocyte phenotype ta hanyar rage alamun A1 kamar C3 da S100B; 4) yadda ya kamata ya hana hanyar siginar proBDNF / p75 ba tare da canza siginar kinase B mai alaƙa da neurotrophic da aka samu ta kwakwalwa ba; da 5) inganta rayuwar neuronal ta hanyar haɓaka matakan phosphatidylserine, wanda ke taimakawa furotin kinase B (Akt) membrane translocation da kunnawa.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Gut, sau da yawa ana kiransa "kwakwalwa ta biyu," an nuna yana da muhimmiyar hulɗa da kwakwalwa. Gut, a matsayin gaba mai motsi mai cin gashin kansa, zai iya aiki da kansa ba tare da koyarwar kwakwalwa kai tsaye ba. Duk da haka, ana kiyaye haɗin da ke tsakanin gut da kwakwalwa ta hanyar tsarin juyayi mai cin gashin kansa, siginar hormonal, da cytokines, samar da abin da ake kira "gut-brain axis."
Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na gut suna taka rawa a cikin tarin furotin β-amyloid, mahimmin alamar cututtukan cututtuka a cikin cutar Alzheimer. Idan aka kwatanta da kulawar lafiya, marasa lafiya na Alzheimer sun rage bambance-bambancen microbiota na gut, tare da raguwa a cikin dangin Bifidobacterium.
A cikin binciken sa hannun ɗan adam akan daidaikun mutane masu ƙarancin fahimi (MCI), yawan amfani da Bifidobacterium MCC1274 ya inganta ingantaccen aikin fahimi a cikin Gwajin Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Hali na Rivermead (RBANS). Maki a wurare kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya nan da nan, ikon gani-wuri, hadaddun sarrafawa, da jinkirta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya an inganta su sosai.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-06-2025